"Although the high-level argument for being ‘as open as possible, as closed as necessary’ in research practices has been won at the policy level, nationally and internationally, this truism has yet to filter through to the real lives of those actually trying to forge careers in the sector. For a variety of reasons - including time, financial, training, and perceived competition - even those researchers and other knowledge workers who would like to work more openly often feel unable to do so. In order to resolve these issues, we need to recognize them, understand how they interact, and empower all the stakeholders within the system to start behaving differently. This session will describe current problems with incentives, career structures, and training; outline initiatives designed to address them; and discuss what we can do to build momentum and trust for the future."